Understanding Executive Functions: Insights and Implications
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Executive functions (EFs) are critical cognitive skills that many people may not even realize they possess, or understand their significance. Surprisingly, even those with academic backgrounds in psychology may graduate without knowledge of EFs, as I discovered after my son’s ADHD diagnosis.
Before this revelation, my understanding of ADHD was superficial, characterized by common stereotypes. I envisioned a hyperactive child, typically a boy, who struggled to maintain focus and sat still. Unfortunately, this limited perspective is prevalent among both the public and some professionals.
Once I learned more about ADHD, I discovered it’s a highly heritable condition. My son was diagnosed at six, and six months later, I received my own diagnosis at 36, despite years of education and experience in mental health.
The educational and psychological fields often fail to adequately address ADHD and Autism, leaving many professionals misinformed. I continue to encounter educators and psychologists with limited understanding of these neurodivergent conditions, despite extensive training.
To promote understanding of EFs, I have compiled a series of articles that break down various aspects of these functions.
1) Inhibition
Impulsivity is often misunderstood, particularly by those who assume children’s actions are deliberate. This article aims to clarify impulsivity from a neurodivergent perspective.
2) Cognitive Flexibility
Cognitive flexibility allows for adaptability in thought processes and planning. Conversely, cognitive rigidity can create challenges. This section discusses strategies for enhancing mental flexibility, focusing on personal growth rather than conforming to societal norms.
ADHD paralysis is another term that describes the challenges faced due to executive dysfunction. Similarly, Autistic inertia leads to difficulties in initiating tasks or changing activities, both of which stem from EF struggles.
Teaching children about mental flexibility is essential. Helping them develop cognitive adaptability ensures they can better handle uncertainties and avoid rigid thinking.
2b) Hyperfocus
Hyperfocus, often seen as a byproduct of cognitive rigidity, highlights some positive aspects of neurodivergence. This section explores how hyperfocus can manifest in productive ways.
3) Working Memory
The misconception that individuals with ADHD struggle with object permanence is addressed here. Instead, the challenges they face are more closely related to working memory.
4) Organization & Planning
Planning and organization demand significant executive functioning. Accessing healthcare can be particularly challenging due to these demands. This section provides insights into the barriers faced by neurodivergent individuals in managing healthcare.
Practical tips for teaching children to stay organized are shared, addressing the common frustrations parents express about tidiness.
4b) Time Management
Time management encompasses various executive functions, and this section offers strategies to enhance focus and productivity. I reflect on my entrepreneurial journey and how I navigated ADHD without prior knowledge of my condition.
Time blindness—a term describing the difficulty in recognizing time's passage—is also explored.
5) Emotional Regulation
Emotional dysregulation is a crucial aspect of ADHD and Autism that often goes unnoticed. This section delves into its profound effects on relationships, work, and overall quality of life.
The connection between emotional regulation and interoception is examined, emphasizing the importance of recognizing bodily signals related to emotions.
Lastly, I address the misconception that neurodivergent individuals can simply “try harder.” Understanding the neurological basis for these challenges is essential for fostering empathy and support.
For further exploration of executive functions, I offer resources targeted at parents, educators, and individuals seeking to understand these concepts better.
If you wish to support my work, consider participating in my webinar focused on executive functions related to Autism and ADHD.
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